A report on dry bulk shipping

A report on dry mass transportation Transportation is obviously one of the interesting ventures on the planet. It requires immense information and expertise to cop up with the everyday activities in light of the unpredictability of the business and its reliance on world financial matters. Dry Bulk ships convey dry cargoes in mass starting with one port then onto the next and can be ordered into handysize,â handymax,â panamax,â capesize, and extremely huge mass and metal bearers as indicated by their sizes. The presentation of the mass delivery advertise relies upon the interest for and flexibly of mass transportation administrations, just as the attributes of the market structure. The significance of transportation cycle in the event of dry mass transporter is that they has an indispensable impact in the financial aspects of delivery industry by dealing with the speculation chance in an industry ,where there is huge vulnerability about the future (Stopford,2009) Section 1 Literature Review One of the significant vie wpoints influencing the eventual fate of dry mass transportation is the quality and the wellbeing point of view. Ostensible cargo separation among ‘quality’ and ‘other’ weight has been watched once in a while and much administrations has been paid to advancing the requirement for more youthful and more secure boats (Tamvakisâ and Thanopoulou,2000) Another factor that can impact oceanic progressions of dry mass item is irregularity designs .Spot rates for greater vessels shows higher occasional varieties contrasted with littler vessels, in spite of the fact that distinctions in occasional changes between divisions are expelled as the agreement length increments.  (Kavussanos and Alizadeh,2001) Investing in transportation industry has a completely new perspective by the presentation of private value and the advancement of a supporting methodology, presently this can be treated as a portfolio improvement issue. The cargo prospects give a nearly novel medium to supporting danger inâ dry bulkâ shipping markets. New uprising money related methodologies in dry mass delivery in future can alter the whole market.( Cullinane,1995) Duration examination done by Bijwaard G.E and Knapp.S gives an understanding to the viability of dragging out boat lives and the exact information hardens the thought regarding the life expectancy of dry mass bearer. Life expectancy is a significant viewpoint in anticipating the boat cycle(Bijwaard and Knapp,2009)Scrapping of boat is done at a specific time and this is done when the boat is resigned from the current use or when delivery cycle requests it. Increase and misfortunes after the rejecting of a boat . completely relies upon the economic situation. Request of Dry mass transportation is constantly identified with the rejecting industry.(Knapp,2008) The Government is recommending that the UK’s CO2 discharges should fall by in any event 80% by 2050 . Arrival of fumes gases and particles from oceangoi ngâ ships is a significant and developing supplier to the all out emanations from the transportation area. New techniques like moderate steam, interchange fuel and new strategic methodology like kind sized mineral transporters and so forth will be utilized in future to make the delivery segment more eco friendly(Eyring et al,2010) Research Hypothesis Marine progression of dry mass merchandise in 2050 will be to a great extent affected on various elements and the foundation study done above cements this announcement. From the foundation study done above after theory are made.

The Genetics Of Food Crops Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Genetics Of Food Crops - Essay Example Right off the bat there is inadvertent mischief to different life forms (Such as how different creatures will respond to adjusted dusts that different life forms eat). Furthermore, there is the diminished viability of pesticides to the extent that plants that have been changed to be bug safe may help the safe arrangement of creepy crawlies so they are less influenced by conventional pesticides. Thirdly there is the unintended quality exchange to different species which means cross-fertilization with non-hereditarily changed plants. As a fourth point, there is the danger of expanded unfavorably susceptible reaction to hereditarily changed harvests. One extra point is the obscure long haul consequences for human wellbeing lastly, there are monetary concerns related with huge new modest yields that may swarm out conventional food crop cultivators. With every one of these focuses in thought, one must comprehend that every one of these reactions make no difference to someone that is starv ing to death. Individuals who are ruined depend intensely on modest food crops. On the off chance that upgrades can be made to expand food yield, healthful yield or lessen costs related with developing food than it might be advantageous to the individuals who might best benefit from this item. As a last point if Norman Borlaug had never made the hereditary enhancements to our oat crops than as per the American Council on Science and Health (2007) that it is evaluated that over a billion people would have starved to death. For his commitment, Borlaug was granted both the Nobel Peace Prize and the Congressional Medal of Honor.

Relative market share Essay Example for Free

Relative piece of the pie Essay (Proportion of organization offer to portion of biggest contender) HIGH LOW â€Å"STAR† â€Å"QUESTION MARK† â€Å"CASH COW† â€Å"DOG† Figure 2 BCG Matrix of BMW 3. 1 Porter’s five powers Porter’s Five Forces are business investigation devices that help organizations to survey the natural powers that impact an organization. This business examination device works by separating natural powers into five distinct classifications (Figure 3). The fascinating component of Porter Five Forces is it drives organizations to comprehend the degree of difficulties looked by organizations inside a specific industry as the structure gives a deliberate perspective about how serious powers work at industry level and how they decide gainfulness. Figure 3 Porters Five Forces 3. 1. 1 Rivalry shows the power of rivalry in a specific market. If there should be an occurrence of BMW, the organization faces wild rivalry since as of now there are many vehicle producers that contend in a similar premium markets. Furthermore, numerous multi portion car producers likewise set up uncommon division to target premium market like Toyota Motor that set up Lexus brand to contend with premium vehicles like BMW, Mercedes Benz, Rolls-Royce, and Jaguar. Figure 4 shows the worldwide car industry positioning by showcase top as of April 2006. The figure portrays that around then, BMW isn't recorded in the positioning and in this way they need multi procedure to produce more noteworthy market capitals. Figure 4 Global Auto Ranking 3. 1. 2 Threat of Substitutes Substitute items are results of different businesses that may have noteworthy effect on the costs choice and different highlights of car items. In the event of BMW, the item replacements are numerous sorts of moderate transportations including mass vehicles, for example, intercity fast trains, cable cars, engine bicycles, and bikes. Another item replacement for BMW is the expanding requests for green innovation. In car industry, it alludes to the utilization of elective innovation like half breed innovation or sun powered cells. In spite of the fact that the piece of the pie of these items are still moderately low, as of now BMW has not demonstrated serious program to dispatch the green vehicle. Actually, a few vehicle makers have begun their program to set out toward creating the future vehicles that utilization cross breed vehicles like Toyota Prius and Alphard and Honda Civic, and GM’s Saturn Vue Green Line. 3. 1. 3 Buyer Power Buyer power has critical effect on the delivering business. The purchaser power is seen to be sufficient on the off chance that they are in the minority in numbers and there are various makers or car producers. In the car business the purchaser is the individuals who buy vehicles or vehicles. Purchasers have impressively high bartering power since clients for the most part have a lot of data with respect to the vehicle they plan to buy. They are typically educated about vehicles particulars, cost, and measurement since most vehicle producers recognize these in leaflets and on sites. Another basic choice that purchasers have is about the fuel utilization of vehicles. This data is seldom imprinted in vehicles pamphlets however normally they get the data for auto magazines that direct test drive. Purchasers have other amazing powers on the car business since the propelled Internet innovation lets clients to shop on the web or plan and tweak their vehicles. A key component of Internet is customization in which BMW additionally empower clients to tweak a few highlights of their bought vehicles so as to suit their requirements. What's more, vehicle industry shows low exchanging costs since clients can without much of a stretch move to one seller to another during the choice procedure. They can likewise exchange their ole vehicles when purchasing new ones since numerous sellers presently additionally possess or help out trade-in vehicle divisions. Figure 5 shows the worldwide auto creation speaking to the requests creation ability that each brand/vehicle producers have. In the figure, BMW is in the fourteenth spot. Be that as it may, it doesn't mirror the nature of BMW since BMW like other European premium vehicles are notable for their quality items. Figure 5 Global Auto Productions by Manufacturers in 2002 Source: OICA 3. 1. 4 Supplier Power Supplier power is commonly low inside the engine business on the grounds that a vehicle has different measures of various parts and there are countless providers accessible to cook for this. This implies Toyota/GM can without much of a stretch trade providers in the event that they are not content with the quality or cost of the segments requested.

Theory Of Development And Attachment Theory - 1168 Words

Development/ Attachment Psychoanalyst, John Bowlby in the mid 19th hundreds, investigated attachment theory. Over the years, we have enhanced our understanding on how children attach to their primary caregiver earlier in life. Supported by attachment theory, infants have a window for the development of attachment to the primary caregiver, which, usually happens during the first months of life (Hardy, 2007). Given that Alexander’s parents’ left when he was only 3 months and was raised by his grandparents, it is no surprise that when he reunited with his parents, they felt like complete strangers to him, because they were not the ones meeting his needs early in life. Taking into account that Alexander’s window for the development of attachment closed many years ago, helps us understand why after four years of interaction with his biological parents, he feels no type of connection to them. Unfortunately, regardless of his parent’s expectations and supported by attachment theory, Alexander will no longer be able to develop the relationship built with his grandparents with any other primary caregiver. Anxiety Immediately after his arrival form El Salvador, Alexander felt like as if his parents were complete strangers. Not only did he have to get used to the idea that these complete strangers were his parents, he also had to accept the idea that he now had to live with them. He expressed that communication with his parents has always been a challenge. Furthermore,Show MoreRelatedThe Development Of Attachment Theory1336 Words   |  6 Pagesessay will look at the development of attachment theory since the time of Bowlby and the many theories proposed to determine which best describes attachment. The Attachment theory highlights the importance of attachment especially between mothers and infants in regards to the infants personal development, both physically and emotionally. Bowlby describes attachment as â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings†(Bowlby, 1969, p.194). Bowlby’s attachment theory suggested that mothersRead MoreAttachment Theory And Child D evelopment1635 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment Theory and Children Attachment theory led not only to increased attention to attachments as a psychosocial process, it also led to a new understanding of child development (Bowlby, 1969). Freudian theory suggested that as libidinal drives fixed on different objects, former attachments would be broken; failure to break an attachment effectively would constitute a sort of trauma that could lead to later mental illness (Bretherton (1992). Attachment theory, however, suggested that growingRead MoreAttachment Theory And Emotional Development1347 Words   |  6 Pagesand of others† (p. 133). Attachment theory plays a large role in cognitive and emotional development because it sets a foundation for the child. A case study of Angela, a 17-year-old mother, and her 11 month-old son, will dive into the attachment relationship between the two and extenuating circumstances surrounding that attachment. Angela is attempting to raise her son under the roof of her mother; who doesn’t support a pate rnal relationship for Adam. Angela’s attachment relationship with her sonRead MoreDevelopment Of Attachment Of The Learning And Evolutionary Theories1579 Words   |  7 Pages I will be evaluating the development of attachment of the learning and evolutionary theories. I will also be looking at different view points regarding the impact of early experience on later life. The first theory I will be looking at is the learning theory. The learning theory is also called behaviourism, which says all of our behaviour is learnt because â€Å"when born our mind is tabula rasa (a blank slate).† (McLeod, 2007). 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The ethologists theory concentrates Read MoreAttachment Theory on Socio-Emtionals Development of Children1435 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment Theory: One of the most studied topics in today’s psychology is the attachment theory whose common references are from attachment models by Bowlby and Ainsworth. Since its introduction, the concept has developed to become one of the most significant theoretical schemes for understanding the socio-emotional development of children at an early stage. In addition, the theory is also developing into one of the most prominent models that guide parent-child relationships. Some of the keyRead MoreEthological Theory of Attachment: The Development of Emotion in Children1803 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿How Ethological Theory of Attachment Helps in Understanding the Development of Emotion in Children from Adversity? Introduction Attachment theory has been jointly worked out by John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. In presenting this theory, both of them have drawn out ideas from the fields of ethology, cybernetics, information processing, developmental psychology, and psychoanalysts. However, John Bowlby is the chief contributor who has originated the essential tenets of the theory. Thus, he has revolutionizedRead MoreAttachment Theory and the Differences in the Development of Social Relationships in Aging Adults2176 Words   |  9 PagesHow the attachment theory accounts for differences in the development of social relationships in aging adults? Name Institution Date How the attachment theory accounts for differences in the development of social relationships in aging adults? The attachment theory is one of the common theories in the specification of child development and growth in the world. Indeed, several influencing factors are concerned with the generation and establishment of the relationship that exists between parents

What are the barriers of learning for a learner with autism/Aspergers in Performing Arts and can Performing Arts support the learning of a learner diagnosed with Autism/Aspergers Sample Essay Example For Students

What are the barriers of learning for a learner with autism/Aspergers in Performing Arts and can Performing Arts support the learning of a learner diagnosed with Autism/Aspergers? Sample Essay Q: What are the barriers of larning for a scholar with autism/Aspergers in Performing Humanistic disciplines and can Performing Humanistic disciplines support the acquisition of a scholar diagnosed with Autism/Aspergers? This essay is traveling to try to reply some of the inquiries that arise from learning an person. analyzing Performing Humanistic disciplines. who has been diagnosed with Aspergers or Autism syndrome ( AS ) . First of all the paper will specify autism. discourse the differences between Aspergers and Autism. Looking at behavior. societal communicating differences in and out of the schoolroom before diging in to the natural barriers the syndrome creates for the acquisition of the single scholar. The essay will look at theories behind the Performing Humanistic disciplines as a topic and what the subject affair can make for the single scholar take parting. Finally the essay will try to traverse mention the accomplishments Performing Humanistic disciplines offers and how the topic could help in get the better ofing the barriers for a scholar with Autism. To understand what Autism/Aspergers ( AS ) /High working Autism ( HFA ) is and how it affects larning this paper will discourse precisely how the syndrome has been defined. The definition will be constructed by assorted psychologists. theoreticians and from an faculty member who has been diagnosed with Aspergers. There isn’t a simple definition of Autism or Asperger that can be literally written in one sentence. The Collins online dictionary efforts a brief definition with the undermentioned statement: unnatural self-absorption. normally impacting kids. characterized by deficiency of response to people and limited ability to pass on hypertext transfer protocol: //www. collinslanguage. com/results. aspx 17/04/11It is clear from this definition that there are many aspects to Autism. The sweeping statement that claims normally poignant kids is instantly at inquiry as there are many grownups who suffer from this syndrome. Clare Sainsbury ( 2009 ) an writer enduring from Asperger syndrome writes that AS is a developmental upset of neurological beginning which affects really about at least one in every thousand people and which affectscommunicating and societal interaction. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 29 The consistence of pass oning jobs is already evident from Sainsbury’s statement and the definition from the Collins dictionary. Sainsbury high spots societal interaction as an issue which could be an associating issue from the communicating facet of the syndrome. Frank Sansotti ( 2010 ) supports Sainsbury’s categorization when he remarks that HFA/AS is presently understood as a developmental upset characterized by kids who have important troubles in societal interaction and relationships. expose a deficiency of empathy and engage in unusual forms of involvement and alone stereotyped behaviors. Sansotti. 2010. P. 3 The thought of a developmental upset may propose that at some phase the single hasn’t had the raising that is required and hence suffers from Autism. Sainsbury is speedy to disclaim this fact as she remarks that all research workers have agreed that autism is entirely biological in nature. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 29 Sansotti besides remarks on societal interaction as a mistake with autism and that becomes another word picture of the Autistic syndrome that is going consistent. The inability to expose empathy will be revisited shortly. Before this paper begins to run off from the definition it may be a worthwhile clip to recap that autism is developmental upset that causes a defect in communicating. societal and difference to the â€Å"normal† behavior of an single individual. The cause isn’t down to foster so the essay will non look any longer in to this issue. Empathy is another cardinal facet mentioned by both Sainsbury and Sansotti. The fact that persons with Autistic inclinations struggle to read other’s behaviors can take to debatable societal state of affairss and Sansotti remarks that a cardinal determination was that kids at an early age did non show the ability to take the position of others. Sansotti. 2010. P. 6 The one inquiry that is frequently reoccurring is what are the differences between Asperger. Autism and High operation Autism/Asperger? Sainsbury refers to Asperger as possible mild signifier of Autism yet others arguedifferent. Some argue that the important difference between the two syndromes is merely the absence of hold in linguistic communication and cognitive accomplishments ( Sainsbury. 2009. P. 30 ) Sainsbury continues to divide the two by noticing that it more utile to talk of autism with and without linguistic communication holds and larning troubles. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 30 It can be easy to presume that there is a low IQ for people with autism but that isn’t the instance. That is where high operation Autism/Asperger is measured. Depending on the ability and symptoms of the person in inquiry will find whether they are referred to as autistic or high operation autistic. Those at the low terminal or less impaired are deemed to be high operation. Sansotti remarks that these less impaired kids may show uneven societal idiosyncrasies. a long blown. academic. communicating manner and rare or alone particular involvement ( such as deep Fry cookers etc. ) such kids are under the diagnosing high operation autism. Sansotti. 2010. P. 2 So autism has staple traits that Sainsbury describes in a really similar manner to Sansotti but the fact that we have high operation. Asperger and Autism suggests that non all sick persons are the same and that the really title high operation offers that there may be different degrees of Autism. Sansotti describes this by noticing that: The grade of damage among kids with AS is extremely variable and features of the disablement may show themselves assorted combinations. from really terrible to really mild. Sansotti. 2010. P. 2 The really fact that Autism is so varied from instance to instance has lead research workers over the last 30 old ages to mention to this spread as a spectrum. Sansotti reflects that bookmans have termed Autism as the autism spectrum upset. Christopher D. Webster ( 1980 ) a taking Autistic research worker claims there are 14 facets to naming Autism. Although this essay will non analyze all 14 it certifies that they possibly of import to name as they are still argued today as early and regular marks of Autism that are displayed at different degrees. Webster defines each one in his 1980 book â€Å"Autism† but here they are listed as: Affect Isolation Webster admits that it is possible to cut down this list due to similarities but he believed to specify Autism or recognize it’s item all 14 should be taken in to consideration. It is easy to see how complex the autistic spectrum is and how many factors are built-in to developing an apprehension to how it affects larning. Webster finishes his first chapter with a statement that this essay will utilize a span between specifying Autism and constructing a comprehension of how it creates larning barriers. Webster stated that â€Å"for the minute it’s necessary to see our proposition that autism is a terrible upset of communicating. † Webster. 1980. P. 11 The existent definition continues to construct and it may be utile to get down associating the definition with the facets that create barriers to larning. Writing in Sainsbury’s Martian in the Playground. Lorna Wing ( 1981 ) explains her â€Å"Triad of Impairments† theory that offers the chief specifying countries of the autistic spectrum. They are: Problems with Social InteractionProblems with CommunicationProblems with Imagination The Triad can be perceived cut downing the 14 constituents of Webster’s earlier categorization but it is built-in to this essay’s apprehension of larning barriers that are associated with AS. Drama in peculiar is concerned with the communicating. societal and imagination facets. The Triad supports this documents discovery that autism creates an issue with constructs of communicating and societal interaction jobs with AS it may be a good topographic point to get down as it non merely clearly offers where the definition lies within a individual but besides links to larning barriers that this paper will finally discourse and analyze. Wing’s list provinces societal communicating foremost but it may be wise to look at the 3rd remark. Imagination. The imaginativeness is the fastness to the other two factors. Flying provinces that the term imaginativeness isn’t a â€Å"Lack of Imagination† but more of an single developing an elaborate phantasy universe. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 33 Flying describes the imaginativeness facet as a job with flexible thought. Therefore doing it hard for an single agony with AS to get by with alteration and trouble in understanding how others are experiencing or believing. She remarks ( AS ) leads to jobs with alteration and a demand for stiff modus operandis. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 33 Fighting to get by with flexible believing leads straight in to communicating issues. The Autistic head finds sarcasm and metaphors a hard anomalousness. The single with AS may take a actual apprehension of inquiries asked. such as â€Å"take that chair† . they will automatically seek and take the chair. frequently looking confused as to why they have been asked to â€Å"Take a chair† when in fact the direction was intended to sit on the chair. Sainsbury supports Wing’s theory that â€Å"We largely have seemingly â€Å"normal† linguistic communication. our communicating troubles are more elusive. our troubles frequently involve facets of linguistic communication that goes beyond the actual significance. such as acknowledging irony or metaphors. † Sainsbury. 2009. P. 33 The metaphor in this instance being. take a chair. This is a simple societal metaphor that the autistic head can fight to construe. This can widen to fighting to understand their equals during category. During Drama sessions a scholar will hold to interact with equals in either brace work. little group activities or as whole category. A simple warm up Drama game can go ambitious if the scholar with AS battles to read what his equals are seeking to state or make. A simple Drama game may necessitate looks. idiosyncrasies and instructions to be passed amongst category members. Sainsbury continues to back up this issue. The indispensable societal job in autistic spectrum conditions is non of turning away or deficiency of involvement but more the inability to read the â€Å"facial look. tone of voice and organic structure linguistic communication of others. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 34 This continues on to the concluding facet of the â€Å"Triad† . the societal facet and is a clear undermentioned issue associating to the other parts of the â€Å"Triad† The societal construct of conversation can go rather a challenge for some one with AS. The actual thought nature of the syndrome initiates them to react different to the socially recognized â€Å"Norm† . Sainsbury commented that many people with Apserger’s syndrome. like me. spontaneously compare themselves to aliens. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 34 Harriet Tubman EssayYou will develop an apprehension of play and theater. analytical and originative accomplishments. and an ability to pass on efficaciously with others 22/04/11 The one consistent fact this thesis has highlighted is the job with person with AS is communication trials. This paper has besides discussed the societal barriers that can impact morale and assurance. So the following inquiry has to be can it interrupt through the defects that hinder the autistic syndrome and really profit their acquisition? The inquiry is an country of research that has still a batch patterned advance to do but many people believe that the humanistic disciplines can really profit people with AS. Dr. Melanie Peter ( 2000 ) is an writer on the affects of Drama on people with AS. She states that ‘Paradoxically †¦ many people with autism find arts activities exciting. and these occasions besides seem to be when they are able to do most meaningful contact with other people’ W orld Wide Web. researchautism. net/interventionitem. ikml? print A ; ra=58 A ; infolevel=4/ 22/04/11 Dr. Peter. a womb-to-tomb research worker in to AS suggests that at times people with AS can do meaningful contact with others. This would be in a fake state of affairs or during an act of drama. Can this be transferred across their acquisition? Peter continues to develop her theory by explicating that ‘Over clip. as boundaries are extended. so they may develop an ability to believe more laterally in state of affairss. and with greater flexibleness. and get a greater sense of resourcefulness. 22/04/11 If the scholar with AS becomes more confident with in their acquisition environment so it would do sense that they could develop more flexibleness in responding to their equals and assignments. It must be made clear that the extent to their betterment still has many factors to take in to consideration. such as the badness of their theory of head or cardinal coherency and other facets they may hold symptoms of such lassitude from sleep perturbations. Peter’s statement that Drama has a positive consequence on developing their overall acquisition and societal capablenesss is still of import to see. For case if a individual can’t overcome personal contact so there are Drama resources to try to over draw this sensitive issue. M. Connelly ( 1983 ) offers a practical dramatic solution. he says that If a kid can non digest contact we will put up group games to assist him get the better of it. ’ Such Drama games are normally normal activities within the college environment so games could be implemented without it looking foreign to any of the scholars involved. Such games need to be treated with the normal respect in that they are trust edifice exercisings and good for everyone. Adding to that regulation the exercisings must be promoted to be supportive to all equals. no affair how they react. This reduces the opportunities of badgering to an unusual reaction. Sainsbury believes the thought of promoting scholars to accept people’s different reaction is critical to develop comfort in a scholar with AS within the schoolroom. She remarks that instructors should neer let other childs to do merriment of other childs verbally and particularly speak on a regular basis to other childs about digesting other differences no affair if these are societal. physical. spiritual etc. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 87 If differences are tolerated so an autistic response to a state of affairs should go more openly accepted. Another of import factor in Drama is the way to concentrate on scholars strengths. For an illustration. praising some one’s moving during a musical vocal when their voice isn’t as strong and hence encouraging that scholar to prosecute those countries of quality in more item than weaker countries to construct assurance. Areas of betterment can ever be tackled one time more assurance is attained. Another interviewee from Sainsbury ’s research voiced that my strengths were taken for granted and they rubbed my olfactory organ in to my jobs unrelentingly. Sainsbury. 2009. P. 46 Keith Johnstone ( 1979 ) is a Drama practician who explores improvisation in Drama and finally opening up the head. His work looks to unblock the head of people that have been blocked by societal and educational developments. His work can explicate how Drama can non merely assist people with AS but besides why other learner’s justice people so rapidly. He remarks that people understand their ain insanity ( personality traits ) but when confronted with other people confuse the individual with the function. Johnstone. 1979. P. 83 His work on what he calls the â€Å"Psychotic thought† that opens up the scholar to accepting people’s differences and applications to stimulus response. He encourages scholars to open their heads and to accept anything as â€Å"normal† . This has to be taken within wellness and safety guidelines but does do for an interesting attack to a category of really different immature grownups. With a individual diagnosed with AS added to the group this attack can do people accept this individual. Johnstone’s survey took him to rede that it is when someone’s behavior becomes unpredictable that the community rejects them. Johnstone. 1979. P. 83 Using Johnstone’s political orientation as a model this could help in the Drama room for developing credence to other scholars. Sainsbury reminds us of how the scholar with AS can fight with simple activities. I had problem larning the regulations to the games other kids played and I frequently played the incorrect manner. doing the other childs to avoid me or badger me Sainsbury. 2009. P. 80 The tease can be a monolithic barrier to larning so simple Drama theory can construct staple category aims that ease that possibility. A scholar with AS can be really successful. with single and group acquisition. if the instructor takes in to consideration. the scholars strengths. One illustration could be to use an person with AS to research a undertaking of involvement within a group activity or reading aloud in category when their reading is a peculiar plus. The Autistic head needs stableness and frequently seeks a stiff timetable of events. so a good organised set up sing the programme of acquisition can assist get the better of these barriers. Turning this in to a strength by demanding a strong agenda of promptness from all pupils and outlooks can help the scholar with AS. Chandreyee Ghose ( 2011 ) composing in the Telegraph discussed Willoughby’s ( 2011 ) learning scheme â€Å"We meet the single demands. † Willoughby said. â€Å"We have a really rigorous agenda. The childs thrive on the agenda. and I think that’s the key to their success. † World Wide Web. theautismnews. com/2011/0 2/02/dance-drama-keys-to-life/22/04/11 Returning to Webster’s theories it is an interesting point that many facets of be aftering for an scholar with AS isn’t that different in construction to chief watercourse scholars. Webster deployed headers such as â€Å"make the acquisition relevant and interesting to the child† . â€Å"make the educational experience as gratifying and game-like as possible† . â€Å"Allow the kid to derive direction from the maximal possible of beginnings of information and be prepared to alter programs when advancement ceases† . Webster. 1980. P. 68 A ; 69 So the rules of planning are similar merely more single distinction possibly required depending on the extent of where the scholar is on the AS spectrum. The concluding stage of this essay is to pull on one of the major practitioner’s studied during a performing humanistic disciplines class. Constantine Stanislavski ( 1936 ) was a Russian histrion turned histrion who decided in his last old ages to document his preparation as a performing artist and theories as a Director in to three books. These have become staple encyclopedias for 1000s of histrions. managers and instructors likewise through the 20th century to modern twenty-four hours. Returning to the original issues with AS Stanislavski offered constructs that Teach non merely how to move but how to recognize the difference between moving and feeling emotions. To reproduce feelings. you must be able to place them out of your ain experience. Stanislavski. 1936. P. 24 It is the work that comes out of this political orientation that is of import. The workshop will include working both separately and with others to develop an apprehension of your ain emotions and how they affect others. Through the workshop procedure the scholar will actively notice on how others are moving and how existent their emotions are. The Stanislavski â€Å"what if† attack that develops from the emotion work is detailed around what if you were person else? How would you move if you were King etc? Stanislavski adds that â€Å"if† Acts of the Apostless as a lever to raise us out of the universe and into the kingdom of imaginativeness. Stanislavski. 1936. P. 46 It would be possible to dig in to Johnstone’s and Stanislavski’s theories in even more deepness and associate their systematic beliefs with the schoolroom and helping the scholar with AS. It is of import to retrieve that nevertheless detailed a theory is to help with educating person on the autistic spectrum there is neer a full cogent evidence program that works for all. I return to Webster’s remarks that If behaviour qualifiers think there is one key. they are incorrect. If there is one key-it is that there isn’t. Webster. 1980. P. 16 So from this paper we can safely infer that autism is a complex upset that affects both immature and old scholars. Webster has given a list of 14 factors that need to be considered when naming a individual with autism. His list is extended and screens issues from self destructive behavior to tantrum outburst. Lorna Wing has argued that there is a simpler method called the three of damages. This concentrates on societal. communicating and imaginativeness issues. Webster agreed his list could be reduced and Wing’s political orientation absorbs the Webster list yet still delves in to the mind of a head with AS. The three barriers all interrelate when larning barriers are concerned and can impact a scholar through its instruction. The societal barriers stem from a realization that they feel different to their equals. a feeling that Sainsbury described as â€Å"Alien† . She said many scholars with AS will spontaneously compare themselves to aliens. ( Sainsbury. 2009. P. 34 ) This can develop a deficiency of ego regards and low ego worth that can impede relationships with equals and finally badgering and societal exclusion. Social exclusion and low ego regard non merely reminds us of Maslow’s theory of self realization in order to make one’s full potency but besides basic ego backdown from larning state of affairss. The essay so discussed the Sansotti argument around â€Å"theory of mind† . This linked with Wing’s imaginativeness damage in that both deliberate the issues person with AS has with associating to others.

Multicultural Counseling Theory

Abstract This paper addresses the various issues associated with multicultural counseling theory. The pros and cons of multicultural counseling theory were analyzed with regards to factors that affect the work of multicultural counselors. People have ceased from being confined in their regions because of the scarcity of opportunities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Counseling Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People from various backgrounds are meeting in countries that have cultures that far much different from theirs. They encounter difficulties while trying to adjust themselves to the changes. The challenges affect them at varied intensity depending on their age, gender and religion. The multicultural counselors must be ready to tackle such difficulties in order to assist their clients overcome these obstacles. He/she should act as the role model of his/her clients. Both the couns elor and the client must undertake their responsibility appropriately. The counselor must stick to the ethics of being a counselor. There are some personality traits that should be portrayed by a qualified counselor. The clients expect the counselor to be open minded rather than being reserved. Besides that the counselor should pay close attention to the progress of their client and if they realize that the problem has remained persistent they should consider other alternatives. These are some of the issues that have been analyzed in this paper. Introduction Counseling entails giving people advice concerning their problems and the professionals who offer this advice are called counselors. When one is faced with difficulties and he/she does not know how to handle it or what steps to take, they are expected to consult a counselor. A counselor’s job is very demanding because he/she must change the thoughts of the client. This job can further be complicated when the counselor dea ls with clients from all walks of life. Counselors are expected to deal with people from different backgrounds, cultures, and ethnicities, thus leading to the concept of multicultural counseling theory. This paper reviews the pros and cons of multicultural counseling. Today our communities have been mixed up because the increase in human population has forced people to relocate to other countries in search of work. This is owing to the fact that the resources in their nations could hardly sustain them hence when they secured opportunities in foreign nations they decided to settle there.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although they exist in foreign land they continue to exhibit their cultures which make them unique. However, multicultural counselors must be acquainted to the cultures of their clients because that way they will be in a position to understand their multi cultural clients better (James, 2008). Pros and Cons of Multicultural Counseling Theory The pros and cons of MCT are attributed to factors such as ethnicity, gender, age, disability, and religion. The following are the strengths of MCT: (1). is flexible and takes into consideration different cultures; 2. It is in itself a theoretical model; 3. Understanding it helps counselors to deal with people from different cultures; and 4. several alternatives can be applied using MCT. On the other hand, the limitations of MCT include: 1. the counselor need to understand different cultures; 2. there is need to understand the underlying concepts of MCT; 3. the theory has little research in relation to analytical evidence; 4. it neglects traditional therapies; and 5. It is generally difficult for counselors to adopt MCT. In this light, the following section discusses the factors affecting multicultural counseling and the qualities required by a multicultural counselor. The factors are discussed i n relation to the mentioned pros and cons of MCT. Factors Influencing Multicultural Counseling MCT outlines that when a counselor is giving advice he/she must not compromise the culture of his clients thus he/she should appreciate their differences. If the clients feel that their counselor does not understand them, such as why they do certain things or why they behave in a certain way, they will opt for a counselor who belongs to their ethnicity and thus multicultural counseling will loose its meaning. The best strategy towards the success of multicultural counseling is to have customized approaches to client issues which might help solve their problems. If a counselor applies a uniform approach in solving clients’ problem he/she will not solve their problems in a satisfactory manner. This is because people understand things differently and their thoughts are influenced by their backgrounds and cultures. It is unacceptable for a counselor to speak negatively about the culture s or ethnicity of his/her clients. If the clients came to realize this they would loose the pride that they have towards their culture and this may result in hatred.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Multicultural Counseling Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Pedersen (2002), counselors should promote the tolerance of cultural diversity by appreciating their clients regardless of their background. If a counselor must discourage against a given cultural practice he/she must bring the point home in a polite manner because using rude language will make it sound like an insult. The counselor should establish a friendship based on trust with his/her clients. For this trust to be realized, the counselor must prove to his/her clients that what they share is confidential because if they feel that their secrets are not safe they can’t dare to share vital information with the counselor. Thi s information is important because it makes the client to provide the relevant information that could be the root cause of their problem. This means that the counselor should be neutral while dealing with his/her clients because if he discriminates some of them the others will come to realize in one way or another and this will have a negative impact on the integrity of the counselor. This implies that a multicultural counselor should have strong interpersonal skills to enable him/her handle situations involving people from different cultures (Gladding, 2009). Counselors must be familiar with the cultural values of their clients and also understand how the people of various backgrounds interact with the rest of the world. This refers to their likes and dislikes which is greatly influenced by their cultures. Failure to understand their tastes may cause the counselor to apply inappropriate approach to their problem. The above stated scenario occurs quite often and that’s why yo u will hear clients saying that they sought professional help from a given counselor and it was not effective while another client may praise the competence of the same counselor. This could be due to the fact that the two clients are from different origins and the counselor in question could be familiar to the culture of one of them hence he was able to offer appropriate help. When people from different cultures and races come together their differences become their identity. Pope-Davis and Coleman (2001) suggest that these differences are important because they give them a sense of belonging. Assuming that we were all different from each other, interaction would be impossible. When people from various cultures occupy the same habitat there are two possible outcomes of their interactions. First, one culture might be eliminated by another. Either of the two cultures may be eliminated, that is, the host culture or the foreign culture, but this process depends on the one that dominate s the habitat shared by the two cultures. For instance, if the foreigners outnumber the hosts, the culture of the foreigners is likely to be reserved while that of the host is scrapped off.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, the two cultures may be reserved but this happens when there is a balance between the hosts and the foreigners. In addition, some people are very conservative hence they can’t allow their cultures to be eliminated and thus they will do anything to ensure that their culture is recognized wherever they are located. This poses a greater challenge to counselors. But this depends on how individuals feel about their culture. This is because there are some cultures that are seen to be enslaving people hence when the generation that introduced them dies, those who remain abolish it gradually. For instance, female circumcision among some African communities was a mandatory rite of passage but of late very few people continue to practice it because people are now aware of the dangers that come with it. Multicultural counselors should also understand the differences of gender and sexuality, that is, men and women. Cormier, Nurius and Osborn (2008) explain that this is because both genders respond to situations differently. Furthermore, men and women have different attitudes. These elements are influenced by their genetic composition. Women tend to be emotional hence they are more delicate than men. On the other hand, men are physical and that’s why when a man breaks up with his spouse its easier for him to move on with his life compared to the woman who takes more time to heal the wounds. Besides, counselors should familiarize themselves with clients of various sexual orientations. By doing so, they will be able to provide appropriate advice to their clients irrespective of their gender or sexual orientation. This is because misunderstanding might cause the counselor to apply the wrong procedure towards solving the problem of the client. For instance, the counselor might recommend a strategy that is best suited for men to a female client hence it may not be effective. Additionally, we all know that men and women possess different characteristics. For example, we know that women have mothering ability hence they are the ones who can best monitor their infants than the fathers of their young ones. Prochaska and Norcross (2007) reckons that counselors must appreciate their clients’ sexual orientation regardless of whether they are gay or lesbians hence when they are dealing with such people they must try their best not to show their hatred towards people who are of unacceptable sexual orientation but instead focus on the matter at hand. For example, when a counselor is dealing with a client who is bisexual and is suffering from HIV/AIDS, he/she should not blame the orientation of that client for his sickness but should rather help the client to cope with the stigma that is associated with the ailment in question. Some people are troubled by small issues such as being under the leadership of a woman. This could be due to the fact that women are not supposed to assume leadership as far as the client’s background is concerned. In order to understand issues that are related to gender it would be best if the counselor inquired from the client what her/his community expects from each gender. This implies that the counselor should engage the client in analyzing the roles that are supposed to be played by men. The other most important aspect in multicultural counseling is power analysis. It is a simple method that is used by counselors to enlighten the clients about the powers that are entitled to them and the reasons why they are allowed to exercise the same powers. The power in this case is limited to the client’s life with regard to what they own and what they can’t do. Counselors must learn how to deal with people of different ages. This entails learning how they behave at various ages. This helps the counselor to find out which measures are best suited for teenagers, youths, and the elderly. This is because people have different thoughts at different ages. For instance, teenagers think that their parents are too old hence they perceive them to be outdated and come to realize later in life that their parents were actually right. Moreover, teenagers tend to be rebellious hence when a counselor is making suggestions he/she should be patient with them. The elderly on the other hand are fond of forgetting things very fast hence they have to be reminded frequently. This means that the counselor must be patient with them and also be gradual with them instead of rushing things. Another group of people that is delicate comprises of the disabled. Skovholt (2001) explains that counselors must watch their tongues while conversing with such people because they are easily offended by negative remarks that could be unintentional. People with disabilities don’t like it when they are given special care due to their condition hence when a counselor is assisting such a person he should mention that it’s done to everyone. Besides, counselors must be acquainted wit h the issues that affect the disabled and their families. Religion and spirituality also influences the effectiveness of counseling. The counselors must get used to handling clients from various religions. Religion comprises of believes and faith which are crucial in counseling. Some recommendations that are made by counselors could be against the religion of the client hence there will be a conflict. The counselor should analyze the beliefs of his/her clients before he gives counsel because that way he will establish measures that are suitable to people of a particular religion. When counseling goes against the beliefs of the client, it will make the client feel guilty because to some people religion is so dear to them. When a counselor is dealing with a huge group of people from various backgrounds its important to select those that share the same cultural values and isolate them from those who are extremely different from each other. The counselor should then revisit each clientà ¢â‚¬â„¢s background information to establish the best possible solution. It is also necessary to consider the thoughts of the client in relation to those whom he/she interacts with on a daily basis. The counselor should inform the client that changes are part of life because different people do things differently hence some of the things that are acceptable in their motherland may be unacceptable in the foreign country. Besides, when a counselor is obtaining information from a client who hails from a different culture he/she must ignore the mistakes that may be on the speech of the client such as incorrect grammar. This will make the client to feel at home and thus give more information pertaining to his/her problem (Safran and Muran, 2000). The counselor should allow the client to set the things that are more important and relevant to him/her. The counselor should handle cases differently just as they are brought by different people. Some counselors assume they already know where t here client is headed hence they misinterpret their client’s statement. This is most common in cases where the counselor and the client are from the same background. This generalization and assumption is bad because the situation may not be close to what the counselor thinks. The response of a counselor should not be protective. This means that if the client explains his/her problem the counselor should not make a remark that implies that the problem is not that serious. For instance, if a client expresses how he/she was humiliated in a public gathering just because he is of a different ethnicity, the counselor should not make statements such as â€Å"you will get used to it†. According to Freire (2005), a counselor should never victimize people who belong to a race that is perceived to be hostile to others or criminals even when he himself has encountered their discriminating traits or his relatives. For instance, a black American might feel uncomfortable when dealing with Native Americans when she knows that her father was brutally murdered by a Native American. To deal with this problem a counselor should know that when he/she is offended by someone from a different community it does not mean that everyone from that race is a criminal or something close to that. MCT requires that the counselor should seek to know the cultural background of the client. The counselor should employ an approach that is appropriate. This means that the question about the client’s racial background should be introduced indirectly. This is necessary because some clients don’t like it when someone asks them about their ethnicity because they fear that they will be handled according to their background. This fear is owed to experiences of the client in question. Counselors should encourage their clients to mingle with the people who are of different cultures from others. This will help the diverse people to accept each other and thus live in harmony. The client should be informed that going back to their mother land is the last option hence they should get used to seeing things being done differently as opposed to what they would expect. For counseling to be effective both parties must play their parts well. The client should follow the counsel of the counselor and the counselor must provide the appropriate counsel. There are counselors who go against the ethics of counseling. They do this by sharing information concerning their clients with others. This suggests that such a counselor does not have the interests of his/her clients at heart. Gladding (2009) advises that a good counselor should be honest when dealing with clients. They should not lie to their clients. Lying can mislead clients and when they realize that the person whom they trusted with their problems and secrets is untrustworthy they will look for another reputable counselor. Some counselors lie to their clients even when they know very well that whatever they are sa ying could be dangerous. If a counselor is not sure about something he/she should be sincere while giving advice. Lying occurs when some people want to portray themselves to know everything. A counselor should be caring to his/her clients. A counselor should caution his/her client about the consequences of any affirmative action that the client wishes to take. There are times when clients have fallen victims of dangerous consequences at the hands of their counselors. Such counselors are only interested on the money that they are paid by their clients. A counselor should be flexible such that if the measure he/she recommends to the client does not work he/she should have another strategy ready for implementation. Some counselors are not flexible because they stick to the same strategy for a long time just because it worked for a few clients while it does not work for the rest. There are usually several ways of doing something to achieve the same results. A counselor should have a cle ar objective towards helping the client’s problems. A counselor should overcome the hurdles that arise in the course of helping the client. He/she should consider doing anything possible to assist the client. Sometimes the counselor has to make sacrifices towards the success of his/her client. This means that the client is given the first priority. There are counselors who put money before their clients to an extent they can’t listen to the problems that are being passed across by the client unless money is put on the table. A good counselor should be patient with his/her clients. This means he/she should give the client some time to get used to the measure they intend to implement on the client. A counselor should know that since the problem of the client did not develop in one day it’s not possible to eliminate it in one day. Healing is a gradual process because if it happens abruptly it might cause drawbacks. Diller (2007) argues that a counselor should not s how any sign of weakness even when it seems the situation is getting out of hand. Showing weakness will make the client loose confidence in him/her because the client expects him to offer the necessary support that is needed by the client. It is during such occasions that the counselor should provide warmth to the client which is meant to encourage the client to continue soldiering on. Conclusion Multicultural counseling theory demands a lot of efforts in cultural diversity and thus its limitations overweigh the strengths. This paper has discussed the pros and cons of multicultural counseling with regard to factors the influence the theory. The factors include ethnicity, gender, age, disability, and religion. I essence, a multicultural counselor should have compassion over his/her clients. This aspect goes hand in hand with love for people because without love a counselor cannot make a single sacrifice towards the wellness of his/her client. In addition, the counselor should exercis e caution over sensitive issues that concern his/her clients. He/she should consider the consequences that are most likely to occur when sensitive issues that are highly valued by the client fail to bring the desired results. Therefore, a multicultural counselor should have dealt with many people from diverse cultures for him/her to have broad knowledge of carrying out multicultural counseling. References Cormier, S., Nurius, P. Osborn, J. (2008). Interviewing and Change Strategies for Helpers: Fundamental Skills. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. Diller, J.V. (2007). Cultural Diversity. 3rd Ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson, Brooks/Cole: Freire, P. (2005). Education for Critical Consciousness. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. Gladding, S.T. (2009).Counseling: A comprehensive Profession. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. James, K.R. (2008).Crisis Intervention Strategies. Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. Pedersen, P. (2002).Counseling Across Cultures, London: Sage Inc. Pope-Da vis, B. Coleman, L.H. (2001).The Intersection of Race, Class, and Gender in Multicultural Counseling. California: Sage Learning. Prochaska, J.O. Norcross, J.C. (2007.). Systems of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis. 6th Ed. Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Learning. Safran, J.D., Muran, J.C. (2000).Negotiating the Therapeutic Alliance: A relational Treatment Guide. New York: Guilford. Skovholt, T.M, T.M. (2001).The Resilient Practitioner: Burnout Prevention and Self-care Strategies for Counselors, Therapists, and Health Professionals. Boston: Allyn Bacon. This research paper on Multicultural Counseling Theory was written and submitted by user Kimberly Whitley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample - User Manual for Snapchat

Sample - User Manual for Snapchat This report outlines the initial proposal for the Snapchat user manual. This report should cover some of the broad and basic information that first-time users of the Snapchat application need to know. This report shall also cover the unique stylistic components that the author shall use in his final report- which would be the actual Snapchat user manual. The purpose of this report then is to guide the author in planning and writing what to write, how to write the contents, and where to place them in the actual manual. Needs Assessment The focus of the project would be on the application Snapchat. Snapchat is a social media application that allows users to share videos called snaps. This is, in fact, a new trend in the digital arena because as of the moment it is the process of sharing photos that is most prevalent. What Snapchat is all about, however, is the process of sharing videos. It is important to note, however, that users may also take and share photos, drawings, and texts and then send them to a controlled list of people (i.e. the recipients). Essentially, Snapchat is a messaging tool that has a high level of multimedia sharing capability. Considering all of these features, it can be said that Snapchat is virtually intended to be used (and can actually be used) by everyone; from businessmen to casual and professional photographers and graphic and video artists. Students may also take advantage of the enhanced sharing capability of Snapchat. What is unique with Snapchat, however, is the fact that it enable s the users to specify how long the snaps (i.e. the sent videos and photographs) can be viewed by their recipients and actually stay in the company’s servers- after which the developers of the app claim that it would already be deleted. Additional Research One of the latest features that Snapchat users can enjoy is the Snapchat Lenses. With lenses, users can take snaps using real-time special effects, sounds, and filters. This way, they would not have to edit their snaps. Whenever there are updates, new filters (e.g. rewind, slow-motion, force touch) and effects may get released so it would be best to frequently update the version of Snapchat installed on the smartphone or a tablet computer. Audience Analysis The intended audience for the Snapchat user manual would be all of the potential users of the application. Some of the specific examples include: Business men Professional and casual photographers Professional and casual graphic artists Students and teachers Government agencies, departments, and organizations For-profit and non-profit organizations Researchers The application user manual that will be published shall cater to all the users’ needs. No separate version of the user manual will be released for a particular group or audience. The target audience for the user manual would be those who have basic to intermediate smartphone and internet navigation skills; those who actually own a smart phone or a tablet computer equipped with a decent camera capable of taking pictures and recording videos- because these are the main hardware requirements for an individual to utilize Snapchat. Suggested Table of Contents About the Manual Acknowledgement Table of Contents Glossary Introduction Wiki Section Wiki Contents Basics Intermediates Advanced Using Snapchat How to take a picture How to take a video How to create a text message How to organize a list of recipients How to send texts, pictures, videos How to store your contents Snapchat Terms, Policies, and Conditions How to Install and Uninstall the Application Setting up and Account Troubleshooting Frequently Asked Questions Participating in the Snapchat users’ community and forum Frequently Asked Questions The most basic information about Snapchat shall be placed within a consolidated FAQ section. The purpose of the FAQ section would be to enable the users to get started in using the Snapchat application. This may contain instructions on how to install the application, where the download links may be obtained, and how to set up the application on their device after installation. This can be presented within any section of the user manual. In any case, the most important component would be the content. This section has to be simple and easy to understand. Design Layout The purpose of the Snapchat user manual is to get the users started on how to use the application. The focus of the writing process should then be on the content because it is the most important component that would determine the success of the project. The design process should, however, be not taken for granted. The design and layout should embody the following characteristics: elegance, professionalism, and neatness. The design should be creative but not to the point that it would look untidy and too artistic. After all, this was not intended to be an art project. The design and layout should make it easier for the readers to read and understand all sections of the content; this is where the neatness component should be factored in. The layout should follow the outline of the contents provided earlier where each section should have its own design in order for the readers to understand how each section is independent of each other.